Research ArticleStructural Engineering
Manvendra Verma ()·Arti Chouksey ()
The mechanical characteristics of steel girders dictate their response to external forces and loads. Tensile strength refers to the highest amount of stress that a material can endure without breaking when subjected to strain. Greater tensile strength shows increased resistance to tensile forces and is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of girders. The construction of the bridge is in the three phases; foundation, substructure and superstructure. This study is based on the superstructure construction and estimation of an overhead railway bridge. In this case, the study shows the superstructure construction procedure with the particular importance of all parts. The prestressing concrete beams are increasing the load-carrying capacity of the bridge. The geogrid installation increases the stability of the surface. After the construction procedure, calculate the estimation of the concrete and steel amount used in the superstructures. The last calculation shows a total of 2784.525 m3 of concrete used in the superstructure, and around 429.05 million tonnes of steel is utilised in the superstructure of the overhead railway bridge.
BridgeConstructionMechanical PropertiesCost EstimationMaterials composites www.jera.co.in ISSN2583-3987 Journal of Engineering Research and Application Volume 3
Research ArticleTransportation Engineering
Manvendra Verma ()·Arti Chouksey ()
Bitumen, or asphalt, is an intricate blend of hydrocarbons obtained mostly by the distillation of crude oil. Due to its adhesive and waterproofing qualities, it is extensively used in road construction, roofing, and many industrial applications. Bitumen has a complex chemical makeup, consisting of many types of molecules that contribute to its distinct features. Depending on its structural behaviour, all- weather road pavements may be built in one of the following ways: Rigid pavement, semi-rigid pavement, and flexible pavement are all classifications of the same material. As the name suggests, flexible pavements are so named because of the way they deflect or bend under stress. There are often multiple layers of material used to build flexible pavements. All the loads that are taken from the layer above are distributed and then sent to the layer below. Layers of different materials are commonly layered in decreasing order of load-bearing capacity, with the costliest (and thus most expensive) at the top and cheapest (and thus least expensive) at the bottom to maximise this characteristic. Following are some of the components of a traditional flexible pavement construction covered in this section: The first thing to do is: This is the outermost layer, the one that is most often in contact with passing vehicles. A single HMA sub-layer or a slew of them may go into its construction. The layer directly underneath the HMA that is often made out of aggregate as its primary building block (either stabilised or unsterilized). The third sub-base course is called: Here, we're talking about the layer or layers that are directly below the basic course. In most cases, there is no need for a second base. Soil for the Subsoil: Soil subgrade is a natural soil layer used as a base for the subsequent layers of pavement materials. www.jera.co.in ISSN2583-3987
Asphalt chemical compositionTraffic ConditionsPavement MaterialsPavement DesignMechanical Properties appearance. Bitumen contains minute quantities
Research ArticleMaterials & Structural Engineering
Mayank Nigam ()·Manvendra Verma ()
In India, modern activities necessitate the excessive use of plastic bags. Because plastic is not biodegradable, it takes years to disintegrate. Poly-ethylene is the primary component of plastic bags. When polyethene is burned, it emits carbon dioxide as a byproduct, contributing to global warming. This study looks at how integrating hypo paper sludge (HPS) and hybrid fibres affects the performance of concrete. Hypo paper sludge, an industrial waste product, was assessed for its potential as a partial substitute for cement in order to improve sustainability and minimise environmental effect. In addition, hybrid fibres, which combine synthetic and natural fibres, were used to increase the mechanical qualities of concrete. A complete experimental programme was used in the study, which included compressive, tensile, flexural, and durability testing. The results showed that using HPS up to a specific amount did not significantly reduce concrete strength, although hybrid fibres increased toughness and fracture resistance. The ideal mix design struck a balance between mechanical performance and sustainability, implying that the combination of hypo paper sludge and hybrid fibres is a feasible option for greener and more robust concrete constructions. This research provides the path for further investigation into the utilisation of industrial byproducts and novel fibre technologies in concrete applications. In this study, we evaluate the compressive strength of concrete with fine aggregate substituted by 3% (plastic fibres) and 1% (steel fibres) to M20 grade control concrete. Iron fibres with widths ranging from 1-2 mm are used in a preset amount to compensate for the strength loss caused by replacement. Some of the keywords are plastic waste, iron fibres, hypo-sludge, strength, cement, and concrete (M20). Compressive strength is the most important mechanical attribute of concrete, and it is evaluated on 150 mm cubes with 10% hypo sludge www.jera.co.in ISSN2583-3987 replacing cement weight. The compressive strength is measured over 28 days and the results are analyzed.
Hypo sludgeSteel fibresPlastic fibresOrdinary Portland cement (O.P.C.)Compressive strength
Research ArticleMaterials & Structural Engineering
Ayush Singh ()·Sneha Gupta ()·Manvendra Verma ()
Concrete is a very vital construction material and the demand for concrete is increasing rapidly day by day and production of concrete also leads to the production of carbon dioxide which badly effect the environment, causing air pollution. Cement and Concrete producing industries account for 2nd largest carbon dioxide producers in the world. A larger part of concrete is occupied by coarse aggregate and because of this usage of coarse aggregate is also increasing. To limit the usage of coarse aggregate we are required to search for alternate material that can partially replace coarse aggregate and is also eco-friendly so that the production of carbon dioxide can also be reduced. Coconut Shell is one of the materials that can be eco-friendly and at the same time partially replace the coarse aggregate. So, in this research work, we tried to find out the flexural strength of concrete using a waste material i.e., coconut shell as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate, and the effect of coconut fibre on the flexural strength of concrete is also analyzed by mixing coconut fibres in four different proportions of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of cement’s weight in the concrete mix. Concrete beams using crushed coconut shell and coconut fibre were casted and tested under flexure and the result is compared with the control set beam which is casted by replacing 10% of coarse aggregate with crushed coconut shell and without using coconut fibre and tested under flexure. It was noted that the slump value of concrete keeps on decreasing with an increase in the percentage of coconut fibre in concrete. The test result shows that the flexural strength of plain concrete beam at 28 days when tested under flexure increased up to an extent and then kept on www.jera.co.in ISSN2583-3987 decreasing with an increase in the percentage of coconut fibre. The Optimum content of coconut fibre came out to be between 1.0 % and 1.5% of the cement’s weight.
Crushed coconut shellCoconut fibreFlexural StrengthCoarse aggregateCement’s weight
Research ArticleMaterials & Structural Engineering
Abhishek Pathak ()·Sneha Gupta ()·Manvendra Verma ()·Saurabh Kumar ()
Concrete is a very important building material in the construction industry, because of its good mechanical properties, durability and its economical use. But there are some limitations in its strength properties. The tensile strength of concrete is much lower than its compressive strength which is responsible for the development of cracks that can easily propagate and significantly reduce its durability and serviceability, this is a limitation for its applications in several important constructions. However, the addition of several types of fibres in the concrete mix produces Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) which increases its crack-resisting properties in hardened concrete and improvement in some properties of the concrete mix. The demand for concrete is increasing globally for infrastructure development. Since, coarse aggregate is a component in the production of concrete, its demand and usage are also increasing. Natural coarse aggregate which is used in the production of concrete is a non-renewable limited resource and much research is going on for a material suitable for the replacement of coarse aggregate. Coconut shell is a waste material that is produced in large quantitie
